All Johnstone's model articles
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ResourceIsotopes of hygrogen | Johnstone’s triangle | 14–16 years
Use this worksheet to develop learners’ understanding of atoms and isotopes by considering ‘heavy water’ ice cubes
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ResourceAtoms and isotopes | Developing Understanding | 14–16
Encourage learners to deepen their understanding of isotopes from the macroscopic to sub-microscopic level
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ResourceAtoms and ions | Developing Understanding | 14–16 years
Encourage learners to think about how atoms and ions are represented and what this means at the sub-microscopic level
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ResourceAtoms and ions of copper | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of atoms and ions, including a demonstration of a metal displacement reaction
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ResourceAtomic structure of lithium | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of atomic structure, using the example of lithium
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ResourceAtomic structure | Developing Understanding | 14–16 years
Encourage learners to think about how the atomic structure is represented and what this means at the sub-microscopic level
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ResourceParticle diagrams of water | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of particle diagrams of water in the solid, liquid and gas state
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CPDTeaching conservation of mass at 14–16
Help learners master the concept of conservation of mass with these hands-on teaching ideas
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ResourceCovalent bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16 years
Develop learners’ understanding of the size and shape of covalent structures by interpreting a range of diagrams and models
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ResourceIonic bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16 years
Develop learners’ understanding of ionic lattices through comparing 2D and 3D representations
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ResourceMetallic bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16
Develop learners’ sub-microscopic understanding by interpreting a range of models used to represent metallic structure and metal ions
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ResourceCarbon allotropes | Developing understanding | 14–16
Encourage learners to think about how different structures of carbon are represented and what this means at the sub-microscopic level
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FeatureImprove students’ understanding with Johnstone’s triangle
Make abstract ideas concrete by linking macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representations
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ResourceDifferent allotropes of carbon | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to get learners thinking about carbon allotropes at different levels, from sub-microscopic structures to macroscopic properties
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ResourceCovalent bonding in water | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of covalent bonding, including symbolic models and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding
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ResourceMetallic bonding in copper | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of metallic bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding
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ResourceIonic bonding in table salt | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of ionic structures and bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties are related to bonding
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NewsSupport students to make sense of models
How your subject knowledge and teaching knowledge combine to transform students’ understanding
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IdeasEscape the classroom: and try microscale chemistry
Escape room puzzles based on simple microscale reactions for students